This Day in History September 4

The use of the Internet and its seemingly limitless resources is an everyday event for most of us. It's hard to think of a time when our lives weren't dependent on computers or when favorite sites like Google weren't around. Google was launched by Larry Page and Sergey Brin on this date in 1998. Their mission for creating Google was simple. They wanted to "organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful." Today, this simple goal has changed. Since being incorporated, Google has grown rapidly. Now, it offers everything from email to travel directions to satellite images of everywhere in the world. With the list of services growing daily, there's no limit to where Google will take us.

歷史上的今天 9月4日…

對大部分人來說，使用網路以及利用裡頭似乎無窮無盡的資源是件稀鬆平常的事。我們很難想像生活中不靠電腦，或是沒有像Google這樣深獲大眾喜愛的網站，日子會是如何？Google於1998年的今天，由賴瑞．佩奇和賽吉．布林創立。他們創立Google的使命很簡單，就是想「統整全世界的 資料，使其成為全世界的人都能使用的實用資料」。如今，這個簡單的目標已經有所改變。Google在成為股份有限公司後已經快速成長。現在它提供的範圍從 電子郵件、交通路徑指引，到全球各地的衛星圖片應有盡有。Google提供的服務項目與日俱增，勢必會帶領我們迎向一個無可限量的未來。

大補帖

Google幾乎剛起步就一舉成功，賴瑞與賽吉接著聘請艾瑞克．史密特（Eric Schmidt）擔任執行長（CEO）一職，分擔營運這家龐大企業的責任。2004年，Google首度釋股，股價立刻飆漲。賴瑞與賽吉並列為2010年全球排行第24名的富豪，各自擁有175億美元的身價，賴瑞˙佩奇也因此晉身成為網路世代（the Internet Age）最重要的人物。圖為Google創辦人賴瑞˙佩奇（右）及賽吉．布林合影，資料照片。

單字片語

◎seemingly
adv.似乎
◎limitless
a.無限的
例：There are limitless possibilities in life.（生命中充滿了無限的可能性。）
◎be dependent on...
依賴……
◎mission
n.使命，任務
◎organize
vt.組織；籌劃
例：The residents are trying to organize a protest against the building of the new factory.（居民正在籌劃抗議行動，反對建造新工廠。）
◎universally
adv.普遍地；全球性地
◎accessible
a.可接觸的；可到達的
◎rapidly
adv.快速地
◎satellite
n.衛星

Colorado man delivers pizza and saves heart attack victim 科羅拉多州男子送披薩兼拯救心臟病發病患

 ◎張沛元

A laid off paramedic who turned to delivering pizzas to make ends meet is credited with saving the life of a man who went into cardiac arrest just as a pizza was delivered to his door.
一名緊急救護人員因失業而改送披薩餬口，結果竟救了一名當披薩送上門時心臟病發的男子一命。
Christopher Wuebben, 22, was delivering a pizza late last week to the suburban Denver home of George Linn, when he heard the man’s wife screaming for help, according to Wuebben’s boss, John Keiley.
根據伍本的老闆約翰．凱利的說法，22歲的克里斯多福．伍本上週晚間送披薩到丹佛市郊的喬治．林恩的宅邸時，聽到該男子的妻子疾呼求救。
"Chris told the woman that he was trained in CPR and knew what to do," Keiley, owner of Johnny’s New York Pizza, said. "He got him on the floor and brought him back to life before the fire department showed up."
「克里斯（克里斯多福的簡稱）告訴那名婦女，他受過心肺復甦術（CPR）的訓練，知道該怎麼做」，「強尼的紐約披薩」老闆凱利說。「他讓病患躺在地上，並在消防隊趕到前讓病患恢復生命跡象。」
Keiley said Wuebben is a military veteran who recently moved to Colorado after he was laid off from his paramedic job in Illinois.
凱利說，伍本是退伍軍人，原本在伊利諾州擔任緊急救護工作，被裁員後，最近才搬到科羅拉多州來。
At least one local hospital and a fire department have called to offer Wuebben a job in his chosen field after hearing of his heroics.
在聽說伍本的英雄事蹟後，至少當地一家醫院與一個消防隊已致電表示願意提供伍本一份他專精領域的工作。
新聞辭典
lay off：片語，解僱，裁員。例句：The factory laid 500 people off from work this month.（這家工廠本月解僱500人。）
make （both） ends meet：片語，指賺的錢剛好夠基本開銷，即靠著一丁點錢勉強餬口度日之意。例句：He worked two jobs but could hardly make ends meet.（他做兩份工作但還是幾乎無法餬口。）
bring someone （or an animal） back to life：片語，讓某人或某生物起死回生。

Broccoli boosts healthy gut 花椰菜促進腸子健康

 ◎國際新聞中心
Extracts of broccoli and banana may help in fighting stomach problems, research suggests. Laboratory studies show fibres from the vegetables may boost the body’s natural defences against stomach infections.
研究顯示，花椰菜與香蕉萃取物有助對抗胃部問題。實驗室研究顯示，蔬菜中的纖維質或可提振身體對胃部感染的天然防禦力。
Trials are under way to see if they could be used as a medical food for patients with Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes symptoms such as diarrhoea and abdominal pain.
目前正在進行測驗，觀察這些萃取物能否作為克隆氏症患者食療之用。克隆氏症是一種腸發炎的疾病，症狀包括腹瀉與腹部疼痛。
It affects about 1 in 1,000 people, and is thought to be caused by a mixture of environmental and genetic factors.The condition is common in developed countries, where diets are often low in fibre and high in processed food.
1000人中約1人會罹患的這種疾病，致病原因據信環境與基因因素都有。飲食少纖維、多加工食品的已開發國家常見這種疾病。
Scientists at the University of Liverpool looked at how roughage from vegetables influenced the passage of harmful bacteria through cells inside the gut. They found that fibres from the plantain, a type of large banana, and broccoli, were particularly beneficial. But a common stabiliser added to processed foods during the manufacturing process had the opposite effect.
利物浦大學科學家研究蔬菜中的粗糙原料，如何影響壞菌通過腸內細胞，他們發現，大蕉（一種大的香蕉）與花椰菜的纖維特別有益，但加工食物過程中添加的一種常見穩定劑效果相反。
新聞辭典
extract：名詞，萃取物。例句：The cream contained extracts of/from several plants.（這種乳霜含有數種植物萃取物。）
inflammatory：形容詞，發炎的，名詞為inflammation，發炎。例句：Aspirin reduces pain and inflammation.（阿斯匹靈減輕疼痛與發炎。）
roughage ：名詞，指粗飼料、粗糙（富有纖維質的）食物、粗糙的材料。例句：Japan’s beef cattle farms, faced with a limited amount of land and feedstuffs, rely heavily on imported grains and roughage.（面對土地與飼料有限，日本的牧場大幅仰賴進口穀物與粗飼料。）

This Day in History September 2

Years ago, nothing was more important or dangerous than fire. Its importance was to heat homes, cook meals, and aid tasks. Its danger is easily seen in the Great Fire of London, which started at a bakery shortly after midnight on this date in 1666. The fire grew and spread quickly. In those days, the way to stop a fire was to demolish things in its path to prevent spreading. However, the fire proved to be too big by the time this technique was initiated. It burned for three more days and destroyed a lot of London. It is unknown how many people were killed, but 70,000 out of the 80,000 residents in the area were left homeless.

歷史上的今天 9月2日

在 多年以前，沒有什麼東西比火來得重要抑或危險的了。火的重要在於它能溫暖家中、煮食，以及協助進行多種作業。它的危險性則在1666年今日所發生的倫敦大 火中顯而易見。午夜剛過不久，這場大火的火苗自一家麵包坊竄出，並且很快延燒開來。在那個年代，熄滅火災的方法就是將竄燒路線上的東西拆除，以防止火勢蔓 延。不過事後顯示在開始使用這種滅火技巧時，火勢已變得過於猛烈。這場火災繼續肆虐了3天，將大部分的倫敦都毀滅殆盡。雖然在大火中死亡的人數不明，但是 當地8萬居民中有7萬人都因此無家可歸。

知識大補帖

倫敦大火（圖為描述當時在泰晤士河對岸看大火情景的畫作，翻攝網路） 雖然使得上萬居民流離失所，不過卻解決了自1665年以來發生的倫敦大瘟疫（The Great Plague of London）。這場瘟疫實為一場鼠疫，在倫敦當地造成了6萬多人死亡。雖然大火燒毀了大半座城市，卻也同時將藏匿於各個角落的大量老鼠燒死。而且重建後 的倫敦以石頭房子代替了原有木造房屋，環境衛生（sanitation）也得到改善，使得瘟疫不再爆發。

單字片語

◎heat
vt. & vi. 加熱，（使）變熱
例：The soup is cold. Let me heat it up for you.（湯涼了。我來幫你熱一下吧。）
◎demolish
vt. 拆除，拆毀
例：A number of houses had to be demolished so that the new stadium could be built.（為了蓋那棟體育場，有好幾間房子必須被拆除。）
◎prove (to be) + N/adj.
顯示……；證明是……
例：The countrys new labor policy has been proven to be a total disaster.（那個國家的新勞工政策最後證明徹底失敗。）
◎technique
n. 技巧，手法
◎initiate
vt. 開始實施；發起

"Ordain women," London bus ads will urge Pope倫敦公車廣告將敦促教宗「晉鐸女性」

 ◎ 魏國金
Pope Benedict will be confronted by posters on London’s famous red buses during his trip to the British capital this month which will call for the ordination of women priests.
教宗本篤十六世在他本月造訪英國首都期間，將迎面對上張貼在倫敦知名紅巴士、呼籲晉鐸女性的廣告。
Protests are planned throughout his four-day trip to England and Scotland. One group of women, Catholic Women’s Ordination （CWO）, will have its message plastered on the side of the buses. The group has paid 15,000 pounds for 15 buses to carry the message "Pope Benedict - Ordain Women Now!" for a month.
抗議活動計畫遍及教宗英格蘭與蘇格蘭的4天訪程中。婦女團體「天主教婦女晉鐸」（CWO）將把訊息張貼在公車車身。該組織斥資1萬5000英鎊，讓15輛公車刊登「教宗本篤十六世─現在就晉鐸女性」的訴求一個月。
"We do not want to be disruptive, but I think the church has got to change or it will not survive," CWO spokeswoman Pat Brown said.
「我們不想搞破壞，但我認為教會必須改變，否則將不能存活，」CWO發言人布朗女士說。
Set up in 1993, the CWO describes itself as loyal to the Roman Catholic Church, campaigning from within for inclusivity and the ordination of women.
成立於1993年，CWO標榜自己是效忠羅馬天主教會，不過致力從內部推動包容與女性晉鐸。
The CWO has also launched a group "Catholic Voices for Reform" to coincide with the pope’s visit to counter "Catholic Voices," a group which has the backing of the Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales.
CWO也在教宗訪問期間同時，成立「天主教改革之聲」組織，以與「英格蘭及威爾斯主教會議」所支持的組織「天主教之聲」打擂台。
They will go head-to-head on controversial matters such as child abuse, women’s ordination, married priests, homosexuality and the way the church is run.
她們將在兒童虐待、女性晉鐸、已婚司鐸、同性戀與教會運作方式等爭議性議題上正面交鋒。
新聞辭典
ordain︰動詞，任命為牧師（神父）、（神、命運等）注定。例句︰His death was ordained by fate.（他的死是命裡注定的。）
coincide with︰片語，相符、一致。例句︰His vocation coincides with his avocation.（他的職業與他的愛好恰恰相符。）
go head-to-head ︰片語，肉搏戰、正面交鋒。例句︰The mayoral candidates go head-to-head at debate.（市長候選人在辯論會上唇槍舌劍。）

This Day in History September 1歷史上的今天 9月1日…

On this date in 1983, a small error caused the death of 269 people. A commercial airplane, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, was traveling from New York City to Seoul, Korea. At the time, the Cold War was on, and the relationship between the US and the Soviet Union was hostile. The flight took a turn for the worse when it accidentally crossed over into Soviet airspace. Soviet forces claimed the plane was on a spy mission and shot it down. The event caused even greater problems between the two superpowers. Today, exactly what happened on Flight 007 still remains a mystery.

歷史上的今天 9月1日…

在 1983年的今日，一個小差錯卻奪走269條人命。大韓航空007號航班這架商業客機正從紐約市飛往韓國首爾。當時正值冷戰期間，美國和蘇聯的關係正處緊 張之際。這架班機卻誤闖蘇聯領空，陷入萬劫不復之地。蘇聯軍方聲稱這架飛機正在進行間諜任務，因此將它擊落。本次事件引發了兩大超級強權間更嚴重的問題。 而當時大韓航空007號班機上究竟發生了什麼事，至今仍是一大謎團。

知識大補帖

大韓航空007號班機（圖為同型客機，翻攝網路）是在1983年9月1日 清晨遭蘇聯空軍擊落於庫頁島（Sakhalin）西南方的海域，機上搭載240名乘客（passengers）以及29名機組人員（flight crew），乘客當中有24位是台灣旅客。關於該航班誤闖蘇聯領空的原因至今仍未釐清，但有兩大說法。其一是正副機師在導航儀器 （navigational instruments）上的操作錯誤導致飛機偏離預定航道；另一說法是機長想節省燃料，所以偏北飛行以求縮短航程，但卻因此誤入蘇聯領空。

單字片語

◎commercial
a. 商業的，商務的
例：This new form of bio-technology has great commercial value.（這項新的生物科技有著極大的商業價值。）
◎relationship
n. 關係
◎hostile
a. 懷有敵意的，不友善的
例：The police approached the hostile protesters cautiously.（警方小心翼翼地接近那群帶有敵意的抗議民眾。）
◎take a turn for the worse
（情況、事態等）惡化，變糟
例：Hank's illness took a turn for the worse because he didn't take any medicine.（漢克因為沒有服藥，所以病情惡化。）
◎accidentally
adv. 無意地；意外地
例：Susan accidentally locked herself out of her house.（蘇珊不小心把自己反鎖在家門外。）
◎superpower
n. 超級強國

Cops hauled naked couple out of bed 警察把裸體夫妻拖下床

 ◎羅彥傑
The law enforcement officials who ruined the honeymoon of a newlywed homeless couple say they were only doing their job.
破壞一對新婚遊民夫妻度蜜月的執法人員說，他們只是執行勤務。
City spokesperson Neil Arendse says Jeffrey and Lisa Booysen’s claims that their wedding cake and gifts were taken are lies.
市府發言人尼爾．亞倫德斯說，傑佛瑞與麗莎．布森所謂其結婚蛋糕與禮物被取走的說法不實。
The couple who had been living under a tree opposite Retreat train station for 15 years tied the knot at Wynberg Home Affairs on Wednesday, but were hauled naked out of bed by law enforcement officials.
這對在Retreat火車站對面樹下居住15年的夫妻，週三在（南非開普敦南郊的）外堡民政局締結連理，卻光溜溜地被執法人員硬拉下床。
"Jeffrey and Lisa Booysen’s personal belongings were not removed," says Arendse.
「傑佛瑞與麗莎．布森的私人物品沒有被移走，」亞倫德斯說。
"Items such as their clothing, food, medication and documentation and what they claimed were wedding gifts were left."
「諸如他們的衣服、食物、藥品與文件等物品，以及他們所宣稱的結婚禮物，都被留下。」
"They were warned to remove themselves from City-owned land and failing to comply would result in further action."
「他們被警告自行從市政府所有地離開，而不遵照指示，將引發後續行動。」
新聞辭典
haul：動詞，硬拖、強拉。例句：The suspect was hauled into court.（這名嫌犯被帶上法庭。）
tie the knot：片語，結婚、主持婚禮。例句：Diane and Bill tied the knot yesterday.（黛安與比爾昨天結婚了。）
result in：片語，導致、結果造成。例句：His laziness resulted in his failure.（他的懶惰導致他的失敗。）